Effect of propofol on myelin basic protein expression and myelination of oligodendrocytes in neonatal SD rats / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of different doses of propofol on myelin basic protein (MBP) synthesis and myelination of oligodendrocytes in neonatal SD rats.@*METHODS@#A total of 57 neonatal SD rats (7 days old) were randomly divided into control group (=13), vehicle (fat emulsion) group (=5), and 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg propofol groups (=13 in each group). Eight hours after a single intraperitoneal injection of propofol or the vehicle, the rats were examined for expressions of mRNA, caspase-3 mRNA, cleaved caspase-3 and MBP in the brain tissues using qPCR and Western blotting. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the apoptosis of the oligodendrocytes at 8 h after the injection and the myelination of the corpus callosum and internal capsule at 24 h.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the neonatal rats with propofol injections showed significantly down-regulated expressions of mRNA and MBP protein in the brain tissue ( < 0.05). Propofol dose-dependently increased the transcription level of caspase-3 and the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 at 8 h after the injection ( < 0.05). Propofol injection significantly increased the apoptosis of the oligodendrocytes, and the effect was significantly stronger in 50 and 100 mg/kg groups than in 25 mg/kg group ( < 0.05). At 24 h after propofol injection, myelin formation was significantly decreased in the corpus callosum of the neonatal rats in 100 mg/kg propofol group and in the internal capsule in 50 and 100 mg/kg groups ( < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In neonatal SD rats, propofol can dose-dependently promote oligodendrocyte apoptosis, decrease MBP expressions in the brain, and suppress myelin formation in the corpus callosum and the internal capsule.

Exposure to propofol down-regulates myelin basic protein expression in zebrafish embryos: its neurotoxicity on oligodendrocytes and the molecular mechanisms / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanism underlying propofol- induced down-regulation of myelin basic protein (MBP) in zebrafish embryos.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Zebrafish embryos (6-48 h post-fertilization [hpf]) were randomized into 4 equal groups for exposure to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 20 μg/mL propofol, 30 μg/mL propofol, or no particular treatment (control group). The larvae were collected at 48 or 72 hpf for detecting the mRNA levels of MBP, Olig1, Olig2, and Sox10 using qRT-PCR (=80). The protein expression of MBP was quantitatively detected using Western blotting (=80), and the apoptosis of the oligodendrocytes was investigated using TUNEL staining (=6).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Exposure to 20 and 30 μg/mL propofol caused significant reductions in the mRNA expressions of Olig1, Olig2, and Sox10 at 48 and 72 hpf ( < 0.05) and also in MBP mRNA and protein levels at 72 hpf ( < 0.05). Exposure to 30 μg/mL propofol induced more obvious reduction in MBP protein expression than 20 μg/mL propofol at 72 hpf ( < 0.05), and the exposures resulted in a significant increase of oligodendrocyte apoptosis at 72 hpf ( < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Propofol exposure reduces MBP expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in zebrafish embryos by down-regulating the expressions of Olig1, Olig2 and Sox10 mRNA levels and increasing apoptosis of the oligodendrocytes.</p>

Ulinastatin can reduce the inflammation response after laparoscopic colectomy:a propensity score match-ing study / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin on postoperative clinical outcomes in pa-tients undergoing elective laparoscopic colectomy. Methods 454 patients underwent elective laparoscopic colecto-my from January 2015 to September 2017 were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into 2 groups:ulinastatin group and control group. Propensity score matching was applied to balance the preoperative baseline differences between 2 groups. 155 patients in each group were successfully matched. Mixed linear model was used to exam the effect of ulinastatin on various clinical indicators within 3 days after the surgery,including in-flammation indicators(white blood cell counts,C reactive protein),liver function indicators(alanine transami-nase,aspartate transaminase,total bilirubin),renal function indicators(serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen). Postoperative hospital length of stay was compared between 2 groups using student's t-test. Results Ulinastatin group showed significantly reduced postoperative white blood cell count and ? reactive protein level (P = 0.036 and 0.025)compared with the control group. The average mean inhibitory effects were 1.04×109/L and 23.93 mg/L respectively,which was 11.1% and 29.9% lower than that of the control group. Procalcitonin,transaminases,total bilirubin,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen levels and postoperative hospital length of stay showed no signifi-cant difference between the two groups(P > 0.05). Conclusion Ulinastatin can significantly reduce the level of inflammation response after laparoscopic colectomy,which is beneficial to the fast recovery.

Effects of propofol on pulmonary metastasis of intravenously injected MADB106 tumor cells and expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of different doses of propofol on pulmonary metastasis of intravenous injected MADB106 tumor cells and the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in the metastatic tumor tissue in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty Fischer 344 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10) for intravenous administration of normal saline, intralipid, or propofol at 30 or 50 mg/kg via the femoral vein. One hour after the infusion, MADB106 tumor cells (2×10(5)) were injected intravenously in the rats. Three weeks later, pulmonary metastasis tumor foci and metastatic inhibitory rate were observed and the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in the metastatic tumor tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal saline group, intralipid group showed no significant differences in the number of metastatic tumor foci in the lungs or E-cadherin and β-catenin expressions (P>0.05), which were all significantly lowered in the two propofol groups (P<0.05 or 0.01). The dose of propofol was inversely correlated with the number of metastasis tumor foci (r=-0.879) and expressions of E-cadherin (r=-0.755) and β-catenin (r=-0.693) (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Propofol can dose-dependently suppress pulmonary metastasis of intravenous injected MADB106 tumor cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and down-regulating E-cadherin and β-catenin expressions in the metastatic tumor tissue.</p>

Effect of prophylactic topical ketamine on postoperative sore throat following endotracheal intubation-a Meta-analysis / 实用医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the influence and safety of topical ketamine on postoperative sore throat following endotracheal intubation. Methods The clinical literatures concerning topical application of ketamine for the prevention of postoperative sore throat (POST) were searched from online databases. Randomized controlled trials were selected by the inclusive and exclusive criteria. Meta-analysis was conducted to assess the risk ratio(RR) of the incidence of POST and software Stata 12.0 was used in this analysis. Results Seven randomized trials involving 490 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis showed that the incidence of POST was significantly reduced in the ketamine group,with RR 0.61(95%CI 0.47~0.79,P<0.001) at 0~1 h,0.55(95%CI 0.43~0.71, P<0.001) at 4 h and 0.48 (95%CI 0.34 to 0.66, P<0.001) at 24 h after surgery. No major complications related to topical ketamine were observed. Conclusions For the patients receiving general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, topical prophylactic application of ketamine can significantly reduce the incidence of POST without major complications.

Effects of propofol on pulmonary metastasis of intravenous injected tumor cells and expressions of MTA1 and Wnt1 in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of different doses of propofol on pulmonary metastasis of intravenous injected tumor cells and expression of MTA1 and Wnt1 in the metastatic tumor in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty male Fischer344 rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups for intravenous administration of normal saline, intralipid, or propofol at the dose of 30 or 50 mg/kg pumped via the femoral vein. One hour after the infusion, MADB106 tumor cells (2×10) were injected intravenously in the rats. Pulmonary metastasis of the tumor cells was observed and the expression of MTA1 and Wnt1 in the metastatic tumor detected by immunohistochemistry 3 weeks later.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rats receiving saline and intralipid treatments showed a comparable number of pulmonary metastasis and similar expression levels of MTA1 and Wnt1 in the metastatic tumor (P>0.05); the tumor number and MTA1 and Wnt1 were significantly lower in the two propofol groups (P<0.01). The doses of propofol was inversely correlated with the number of pulmonary metastasis (r=-0.879) and expressions of MTA1 (r=-0.980) and Wnt1 (r=-0.916) (P<0.01), and MTA1 and Wnt1 expression levels in the metastatic tumors were closed correlated (r=0.902, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Propofol can dose-dependently suppress pulmonary metastasis of intravenously injected tumor cells and down-regulate MTA1 and Wnt1 expressions in the metastatic tumor tissue.</p>

GAT-1 and GAD65 mRNA expressions in different brain regions in dogs at brain propofol uptake equilibrium / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expressions of gamma aminobutyric acid transporter 1 (GAT-1) and glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) mRNA in different brain regions at brain propofol uptake equilibrium in dogs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen 12- to 18-month-old healthy hybrid dogs were randomized equally into control group (group C), low dose group (group L), and high dose group (group H). In groups L and H, anesthesia was administered by intravenous injection of 5.5 and 7.0 mg/kg propofol followed by propofol infusion at a constant rate of 55 and 70 mg·kg(-1)·h(-1) for 50 min, respectively. Blood samples were taken from the internal carotid artery and jugular vein to measure plasma propofol concentrations, and the brain tissues of the hypothalamus, sub thalamus, dorsal thalamus, hippocampus, pons, parietal lobe and frontal lobe were examined for GAT-1 and GAD65 mRNA expressions using quantitative real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In groups L and H, propofol infusion at a constant rate for 50 min resulted in comparable plasma propofol concentrations between the internal carotid artery and jugular vein (P>0.05), but the concentrations differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.01). GAT-1 mRNA levels in the hypothalamus and hippocampus were significantly higher in groups L and H than in group C (P<0.05 and P<0.01), but comparable between the former two groups. The variations of GAT-1 mRNA levels between the hypothalamus and hippocampus were similar in both group L [(61.26∓7.17)% and (79.34∓39.95)%, P>0.05] and group H [(74.64∓19.63)% and (97.12∓32.31)%, P>0.05]. GAT-1 mRNA levels in other brain regions showed no significant difference among the 3 groups. GAD65 mRNA levels were similar between group L and group H, but both significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.01). GAD65 mRNA in other brain regions had no significant difference among the 3 groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GAT-1 mRNA in the hypothalamus and hippocampus and GAD65 mRNA in the dorsal thalamus are upregulated when propofol uptake reaches an equilibrium in the brain of dogs.</p>

Effect of target-controlled infusion of propofol on global and regional, cerebral glucose metabolism in healthy volunteers / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of target-controlled infusion(TCI) of propofol on global and regional eerobral glueose metabolism in humans studied with positron emission tomography(PET).Methods Five healthy right-handed male volunteers aged 22-30yrs, weighing 58-72 kg underwent PET sean to assess glucose metabolism when they were awake and unconseions. The interval between the two PET seans was longer than 1 week. The unconseious state was induced by TCI of propofol. The initial effeet-site concentration(ESC) of propofol was set at 2.5?g?ml~(-1) and was modulated in ?0.2?g?ml~(-1) increments until OAA/S score roached 1(no response to prodding). Then the ESC was maintained during PET scanning. The dynamic scans were performed at 0-4.5 min(T_1), 4.5-9.5 min(T_2), 9.5-29.5 min(T_3), 29.5-44.5 min(T_4), 44.5-59.5min(T_5) and 59.5-74.5 min(T_6) after the end of FDG 10 mci injection. After the data were reconstructed we used the stereotactic method to select the following regions of interest(ROI): the whole brain, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, putamen, caudate nucleus, thalamus and cerebellum ets. The ROI data were then transformed into standard uptake value(SUV). The difference and percentage decrease in SUV of the different ROI between eonscious and unconscious state at different intervals were compared. Results The SUVs of the whole brain and all ROIs were significantly decreased in unconscious state during T_(3-6) compared with those in conscious state. In unconscious state at T_6 the percentage decrease in SUV of different ROIs was different-42.38% (occipital lobe), 35.52%(frontal lobe) and 21.40%(putamen). The percentage decrease in SUV of thalamus was similar to that of occipital lobe, temporal lobe and parietal lobe but higher than that of frontal lobe. The sequence of SUVs of cortex and subcortioal centers in conscious state during T_(4-6) and in unconscious state during T_(3-5) were the same: temporal lobe

The cerebral uptake of propofol during continued infusion at a constant rate / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To study the rate and time-course of the cerebral uptake of propofol during the intravenous continued infusion at a constant rate.Methods Fourteen adult patients were randomly assigned to receive a propofol infusion at a constant of 6 mg?kg -1?h -1(group A) or 12 mg?kg -1?h -1 (group B) for 30-35 min. Blood samples were taken simultaneously from radial artery and jugular venous bulb for measurement of propofol concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography.Results The arterial propofol concentrations(C a) increased progressively during the first 15min after the start of propofol infusion and became stable 15min later.Jugular bulb venous blood propofol concentrations(C ijbv) were increased progressively during the first 30min after the start of propofol infusion in group A and the first 20min in group B, but they were lower than C a at the corresponding interval. 30min after the start of propofol infusion in group A and 20min in group B C ijbv became stable and close to C a. There was significant difference in the accumulated area between the arterial and jugular bulb venous concentration-time curves at the different interval between the two groups before the equilibrium of cerebral uptake was achieved.Conclusions Cerebral propofol uptake is rate- and time-dependent when administered at a constant infusion rate, and there is a hysteresis between the arterial blood concentration and equilibrium of cerebral uptake. Propofol is not metabolized in human brain.

Changes in arterial and jugular venous bulb blood propofol concentrations during induction of anesthesia / 中华麻醉学杂志

0.05), but there were significant differences in the mean induction time(697 and 313 s, P